What is a pre-arbitration chargeback?

Pre-arbitration chargeback is a colloquial term used to refer to a second chargeback on a single transaction. This occurs when a chargeback is filed, reversed based on some successful representment efforts by the merchant, then reinstated by the issuer due to new information resurfacing. None of the card brands use the term “pre-arbitration chargeback” to describe this occurrence but it is nonetheless used informally within the payments industry.